Social Sciences

Dean: PAUL MORENO

Degrees

Courses of Instruction

ACC 209: Principles of Accounting I

Credits 3

The basics of financial accounting and an appreciation of the content and usefulness of accounting measurements and financial reports. Prerequisite: BUS 201 (may be taken concurrently), sophomore standing, or instructor approval.

ACC 210: Principles of Accounting II

Credits 3

A study of accounting systems and controls, including job order cost and process cost systems. The development and application of managerial accounting concepts and principles. Also stressed are the organization and operation from a managerial accounting perspective. Prerequisite: ACC 209 or instructor approval.

ACC 311: Intermediate Accounting I

Credits 3

An in-depth and comprehensive study of the financial statements, with special emphasis on valuation of each class of asset. Also reviewed are the concepts and principles underlying accounting and their application in the accounting process. Prerequisite: Completion of all sophomore-year business core courses or permission of instructor.

ACC 312: Intermediate Accounting II

Credits 3

A continuation of Intermediate Accounting I, emphasizing liability and stockholders' equity accounts. In addition, such topics as statement of cash flows and financial analysis are included.

ACC 316: Federal Income Tax I

Credits 3

A study of the taxation of individuals under the Internal Revenue Code. Emphasis will be placed on concepts of gross income, exclusions, deductions and credits available to individual taxpayers. Business income and deductions of sole proprietors will be addressed. Prerequisite: ACC 210.

ACC 317: Federal Income Tax II

Credits 3

A study of the Internal Revenue Code relating to the taxation of corporations, partnerships, trusts, estates and related entities. This course assumes a knowledge of the taxation of individuals, including sole proprietorships, and is a continuation of ACC 316. Prerequisite: ACC 316.

ACC 401: Accounting Information Systems

Credits 3

A comprehensive survey of information systems commonly used in modern business, emphasizing the role of computer hardware/ software. Prerequisite: Completion of all sophomore-year business core courses or permission of instructor.

ACC 405: Principles of Auditing

Credits 3

The basic principles of auditing, including elements of internal control, statistical sampling, financial statement and audit reports. The auditor's professional responsibilities and legal liability are also explored. Prerequisite: ACC 311 and senior status or concurrent enrollment in ACC 311.

ACC 411: Advanced Accounting

Credits 3

An advanced analysis of accounting theory and practice designed to prepare the accounting major for complex problems that arise from partnerships, home office and branch relationships, consolidations and mergers, receiverships and governmental units. Also a study of the theoretical and practical approach of accounting, budgeting, reporting and auditing for governmental units, colleges and universities, hospitals and other not-for-profit organizations. Prerequisites: ACC 312.

ACC 431: Managerial and Cost Accounting

Credits 3

The accumulating and reporting of costs of operations, budgets and other tools of management for measuring profitability of a business enterprise are studied. Emphasis is given to the various cost systems-job order, process cost, standard cost and variable costing. Economics and monetary incentives are also considered. Prerequisite: ACC 210.

BUS 201: Enterprise in a Commercial Republic

Credits 2
An introduction to business through an examination of the evolution and function of the modern corporation. Through case discussions and lectures, we seek to understand the ways in which the challenges faced by managers shaped, and continue to shape, the strategic behavior of businesses.

BUS 215: Business Topics for the Non-Business Student

Credits 1
A series of one-credit courses in various business topic areas. Designed as a general introduction to topics studied in greater detail in other business courses. May include general discussions of personal finance, beginning investing, leadership, starting a business, as well as other topics. Not available for students who have declared a major in business (accounting, financial management, marketing management, and international studies in business and foreign language). Not available for juniors and seniors who have taken or enrolled for more than two courses in business above the 200 level. Students who enroll for this course and violate any of these requirements will be disenrolled.

BUS 302: Business Written Communication

Credits 3
Emphasis on written communication in various business and professional contexts. Topics include report writing, business plans, professional correspondence and reports, and written communications in the employment context.

BUS 304: Entrepreneurship

Credits 3
A study of entrepreneurs and the creation of new ventures. Emphasis is on the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, the identification and analysis of new ventures, and the traditional requirements for continued success of a venture after its founding. There is no business or economics prerequisite for this course. It is open to all Hillsdale College students with junior standing.

BUS 306: Small Business Management

Credits 3
Effective processes for managing small businesses in today's global economy will be studied. Researching available resources for small businesses and effective management structures and developing a plan for managing a small business comprise the basic content of this course. Small business owners may be invited as speakers.

BUS 315: Principles of Marketing

Credits 3
An introduction to the principles and practices of marketing goods and services. The essentials of strategy, organization, marketing mix, ethical responsibilities, communication an inter-functional relationships are studied. Prerequisite: ACC 209 or permission of instructor.

BUS 320: Quantitative Analysis

Credits 3
An introduction to the quantitative tools necessary for advanced courses in business, covering such topics as regression analysis, decision-making under uncertainty, linear programming, forecasting, elementary game theory, queuing theory and inventory management. Prerequisites: ECO 206 or instructor approval.

BUS 325: Management Theory and Practice

Credits 3
A study of basic principles of management and leadership in global organizations. Emphasis is placed upon organizational structure, development and change. Professional competencies and ethical issues are outlined.

BUS 326: Leading People and Teams

Credits 3
Leading People and Teams, through the use of classical and contemporary readings and cases, will focus on the leadership role played by managers, managerial responsibilities in the development of human capital across the individual career, and the formation and leadership of teams.

BUS 330: Financial Management

Credits 3
An introduction to business finance, covering the topics of present value, stock and bond valuation, capital budgeting, financial forecasting and capital structure.

BUS 345: Professional Selling

Credits 3
Planning, employment, organization, training, evaluation and compensation in combination with trends in sales management are the integral areas of study. Additionally, emphasis will be given on developing new sales approaches for achieving organizational goals.

BUS 353: International Business

Credits 3
Study of the political, economic and cultural environment of international business, the comparative advantages of countries, and the strategies companies may pursue to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Particular attention will be given to the features of the strategic and functional areas of management that are distinctive to international business. Prerequisite: Completion of junior-year business core courses.

BUS 401: Advanced Financial Management

Credits 3
Analysis of decision-making within the firm, emphasizing the conceptual structure of problems and the use of advanced analytic techniques. Specific topics include current asset management, capital budgeting, capital structure, dividend policy, long-term financing, mergers and corporate planning models. Prerequisite: BUS 330.

BUS 410: Investments I

Credits 3
The course introduces mean-variance portfolio analysis stressing the core knowledge and tools used by professional portfolio managers. Topics include security markets and trading basics, fundamental security analysis, portfolio theory, mean-variance asset pricing and market efficiency. Case studies and assignments require use of Excel. Prerequisite: BUS 330.

BUS 411: Futures and Options Markets

Credits 3
This course provides an introduction to the trading, pricing and risk management applications of financial derivatives. The derivatives contracts studied include: futures on commodities, currencies, bonds and stock indices; currency forward contracts; forward rate agreements; and options on stocks, stock indices, currencies and futures. Prerequisite: BUS 330.

BUS 418: Leadership, Power and Responsibility

Credits 3
Classic and contemporary readings in organizational and human-resource management, leadership style and responsibility, ethical and social dimensions of business, and moral philosophy of business. Prerequisite: junior standing.

BUS 419: Business Ethics

Credits 3
A case course focusing on typical ethical dilemmas encountered by business managers. Students will be introduced to the context in which managers are forced to make ethical decisions and provided with various models and frameworks by which ethical problems may be analyzed. Prerequisite: junior standing.

BUS 431: Case Studies in Finance

Credits 3
Case studies covering the topics of corporate financial analysis, value creation, financing alternatives, international finance and derivative securities. Extensive case readings and class participation are required. Prerequisite: BUS 330.

BUS 432: International Finance

Credits 3
This course surveys the modern paradigms in international finance stressing the behavior and the global competitive environment facing the multinational firm. Specifically, the course examines the theory linking the world's various foreign exchange (FX), money and securities markets, emphasizing global investment and risk management. Topics include international monetary arrangements, balance of payments statistics, spot and forward FX markets, FX futures and options contracts, interest rate parity, purchasing power parity, exchange rate theory, global mean-variance portfolio theory, FX hedging and emerging markets. Prerequisite: BUS 330 or permission of instructor.

BUS 433: Investments II

Credits 3
A seminar in portfolio management, this course examines advanced topics in professional management of investment funds. Course topics vary, depending on the instructor, and typically focus on innovations in investment strategies and products. Specific topics may include principles of active portfolio management, performance evaluation, hedge funds and investment applications of derivative products. The course requires use of Excel and outside research resources. BUS 410 is a prerequisite.

BUS 434: Risk Management

Credits 3
This course provides an introduction to enterprise risk management, where the management of risk is integrated and coordinated across the entire organization. All categories of risk (financial, market and operational) are studied. Value-at-risk, which is the main method for measuring risk, is examined in detail. Other measures, such as earnings-at-risk and shareholder value added, are also considered. Finally, the course also examines how enterprise risk management may be implemented, and the issues that arise when one attempts to change the culture of a firm. Prerequisite: BUS 330 or permission of instructor.

BUS 435: New Venture Finance

Credits 3
A survey of the theory and practice of meeting and managing the capital needs of emergent firms over the start-up lifecycle from angel investing through the initial public offering. Topics are covered from both the perspective of the investor and entrepreneurial leader.

BUS 440: Operations Management

Credits 3
The processes and management of the production of goods and services, the transformation of inputs into the finished product and services available to the consumer or organization are studied. Emphasis will be given to understanding operations management as a competitive force within the organization. Site visits are an integral part of the course. Prerequisite: BUS 325 or permission of the instructor.

BUS 441: Strategic Management

Credits 3
Case studies involving the formulation, analysis and implementation of corporate strategy in a global business context. Extensive readings and class participation are required. Prerequisite: BUS 325 or permission of the instructor.

BUS 442: Project Management

Credits 3
Develops the student's understanding and ability to plan and organize the various components required for successful project management. Emphasis will be on the fundamental steps essential for an organization to meet goals and objectives using effective project management. Prerequisite: BUS 325 or permission of the instructor.

BUS 452: Marketing Management

Credits 3
An in-depth analysis of the quantitative and qualitative factors involved in the management of the marketing function. Also, the non-quantitative tools of management will be applied to marketing. Students must develop a course project. Prerequisite: Completion of junior-year business core courses

BUS 457: Digital Marketing

Credits 3

Digital marketing directly applies marketing strategies and concepts to practical commerce-based Internet business. It prepares future business decision makers for the rapidly changing world of Web business practices. Prerequisite: BUS 315; computer and Web literacy.

BUS 459: Advertising

Credits 3
Focuses on communication tools in marketing management: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations and publicity, packaging and their interaction with personal selling and both externally and internally within the organization. Course culminates with the development of an integrated marketing communication plan. Prerequisite: BUS 315.

BUS 460: New Product Development

Credits 3
Covers the process of identifying new consumer needs and developing new products and services meeting Covers the process of identifying new consumer needs and developing new products and services meeting those needs. Methods of planning, organizing, and managing the process of new product development are also addressed.

BUS 499: Business Capstone: Strategic Decision-Making in a Dynamic Economy

Credits 2
Through lectures, case discussions, and projects, students will apply the frameworks and methods learned Through lectures, case discussions, and projects, students will apply the frameworks and methods learned across Hillsdaleís business curriculum to the strategic, integrated analysis of business opportunities and challenges.

BUS 516: Marketing Research

Credits 3
A seminar outlining the essential components of marketing research. Emphasis is given to the systematic and objective analysis of market research processes. A written and oral research project is required. Prerequisite: BUS 315 and BUS 452.

BUS 597: Summer Intern Program

Credits 1 Max Credits 3
Students may earn up to three credit hours that are applied to total hours required for graduation but may not be applied to core hours. Please see program director for program information and application forms.

BUS 597: How to Start and Manage a Business

Credits 3
Students receive instruction in five areas, namely; Management, Marketing, Finance, Business Law, and Human Resources selection and development. A Business Plan is developed by the participants for a business of their choice.

ECO 105: Introduction to Political Economy

Credits 3
An introduction to the study of economics and its relationship to political systems. Emphasis is on the study of markets, the role of government and constitutional law. These topics will be analyzed from a historical perspective as well as by examining current political/economic circumstances.

ECO 203: Principles of Macroeconomics

Credits 3
A continuation of ECO 202, including an examination of the economy as a whole based on aggregates of output, price, and employment. National income accounting and determination, private and public finance, fiscal policy, money and banking, monetary policy, and international trade will be analyzed.

ECO 206: Business and Economic Statistics

Credits 3
An introduction to the collection, presentation and analysis of quantitative economic data, analysis of central tendency, dispersion, statistical inference, index numbers, time series, correlation and regression. Course includes functions and graphing. Prerequisite: MTH 105 or equivalent.

ECO 303: Intermediate Microeconomics

Credits 3

An advanced analysis of exchange, production, productive resource use and price theory. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203, MTH 113 or 120 or equivalent.

ECO 304: Intermediate Macroeconomics

Credits 3

A thorough exposure to classical, Keynesian and Monetarist macroeconomics. A critique of macro-analysis is provided. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203, MTH 113 or 120 or equivalent.

ECO 323: Industrial Organization

Credits 3
A detailed examination of various theories of competition, monopoly, and oligopoly, with the goal of achieving a greater understanding of the market process in the real world. The focus is on critical engagement with concepts of market failure, collusion and regulation, culminating in a survey of antitrust laws and practices.

ECO 328: Labor Economics

Credits 3

A survey of the labor movement, union structures and internal political forces. Union strategies, government labor arbitration and employment contracts and negotiations are also described. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 355: History of Economic Thought I

Credits 3

A two-course evaluation of man's ideas about economic matters, including an examination of the relationship of economic theories to the respective historical environments in which those theories were developed. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 356: History of Economic Thought II

Credits 3

A two-course evaluation of man's ideas about economic matters, including an examination of the relationship of economic theories to the respective historical environments in which those theories were developed. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 362: Econometrics

Credits 3
An introduction to, and foundations for, the use of techniques for estimating and testing relationships between variables. The course includes advanced topics in hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, multiple regression and correlation analysis, and experimental design. Prerequisite: ECO 206.

ECO 375: Game Theory

Credits 3

Game theory is the study of the interaction of rational decision makers. This course uses game theory to study incentives and strategic behavior in practical situations of inter-dependent decision making and negotiations. The course will develop basic theoretical concepts in tandem with applications from a variety of areas, including bargaining, competition, and strategic voting. Prerequisite: MTH 310 or MTH 320 (spring, even-numbered years).

ECO 402: Public Finance and Taxation

Credits 3

A study of the economics of government spending and taxation. Among the topics covered are budgeting and cost/benefit analysis, effects and incidence of major taxes imposed in the U.S., and issues in state and local government finance. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203; 303 is recommended.

ECO 404: Behavioral Economics

Credits 3

A study of the field of behavioral economics, which incorporates insights from psychology into economic theory and models. The course includes directed reading of seminal contributions, and analysis of the arguments and counterarguments for the behavioral approach. The class goal will be to better understand human behavior, the standard economic model, and the pros and cons of behavioral economics as a field. Prerequisite: ECO 303 or consent of instructor.

ECO 412: Austrian Economics I

Credits 3

A year-long course which will present, analyze and critically assess the Austrian school of economics from its founder, Carl Menger, to present-day representatives such as Murray Rothbard and Israel Kirzner. The course will emphasize the works of Ludwig von Mises, whose personal library and papers will be utilized. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 413: Austrian Economics II

Credits 3

A year-long course which will present, analyze and critically assess the Austrian school of economics from its founder, Carl Menger, to present-day representatives such as Murray Rothbard and Israel Kirzner. The course will emphasize the works of Ludwig von Mises, whose personal library and papers will be utilized. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 415: Public Choice

Credits 3

Applications of economic theory in the analysis of collective decisions. Emphasis will be on explanation/ prediction of legislative, bureaucratic and judicial decisions. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 432: Environmental and Resource Economics

Credits 3

Economics of the allocation and use of natural resources, and the impact of institutional factors on how decisions are made and implemented. Emphasis on property rights, economic rent, and impact of regulations on resources such as forests, fisheries, minerals, land, and water, as well as pollution control issues. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and MTH 112 or 120.

ECO 440: Money and Banking

Credits 3

An analysis of the mechanics and objectives of the Federal Reserve System. A brief history and analysis of money and credit in modern financial markets. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 441: Monetary Theory

Credits 3

Studies in the theory of money and credit. Emphasis will be placed on the role of money in a market economy and the impact which changes in the supply of and demand for money have on both the structure and level of economic activity. Prerequisites: ECO 303 and 304.

ECO 460: Theory of International Trade

Credits 3

A study of the microeconomics of international trade, with emphasis on the determinants of the direction, volume, terms and gains from international trade. Issues surrounding the impact of trade, tariffs, quotas and other factors affecting the distribution of earnings will be examined. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 461: International Monetary Economics

Credits 3

A study of the macroeconomics of international trade. A systematic analysis of the monetary and financial components of economic transactions across international boundaries. Topics covered will include various models of exchange-rate adjustments under fixed, floating and mixed-exchange regimes. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 464: Mathematical Economics

Credits 3

A mathematical treatment of the theory of the firm and household behavior, including optimization problems, implicit functions and comparative statistics. This course may be viewed as advanced microeconomics. Prerequisites: ECO 303 and MTH 220 or 310 or equivalent, or special permission from the instructor

ECO 465: Comparative Economic Systems

Credits 3

A study of the theoretical and practical differences between highly centralized "command" economies and comparatively decentralized "market" economies. Attention is given to the contrasting ideological and political aspects of these two systems as they relate to economic production and human freedom. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 470: Constitutional Political Economy

Credits 3

Conventional microeconomics courses seek to understand individual decisions without regard for the institutional framework under which such decisions are made. In this course, students learn different institutional structures and how they influence incentives, and thus individual decision-making. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 472: Law and Economics

Credits 3

This course uses rational choice theory to understand legal rule-making and institutions. Efficiency criteria act as a guide for decision-makers in formal legal institutions. This methodology is employed as it applies to torts, property, contract, criminal and antitrust law. Prerequisites: ECO 202 and 203.

ECO 575: Political Economy Senior Thesis

Credits 1
The senior thesis is a one-credit course that serves as a capstone for the Political Economy major. The purpose is to allow the student to demonstrate his or her ability to analyze a topic in political economy using the knowledge gained from their course work in history, political science and economics. The paper is expected to be approximately 25 pages in length, although this may vary according to the topic and method of analysis. It is suggested that the paper follow the general guideline of: (1) a statement of the topic and why it is of interest; (2) a review of the literature; and (3) the student's own analysis of the topic which will incorporate the literature review and the student's background knowledge.

EDU 101: English Grammar

Credits 3
This course covers the elements of English grammar. Students will study the eight parts of speech, sentence construction, and punctuation. Students will also learn about the role of grammar in a liberal arts education and develop some basic pedagogical strategies - including sentence diagramming - for teaching grammar. There are no prerequisites.

EDU 201: Classical Quadrivium

Credits 3
This course focuses on the four mathematical arts known as the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. Students will read classic works in each of the four arts and discover the role that these mathematical arts have in a liberal education.

EDU 295: Technology for the Classroom

Credits 2
The course is designed to combine practical experience in the classroom with ideas for the integration of computers, computer software and multimedia. Students will review, modify and design teacher-created instructional materials that meet their specific curricular needs.

EDU 299: Educational Psychology

Credits 3
The application of psychological principles to such problems as understanding of mental and social growth, individual differences and their measurement, the learning process, and the guidance and adjustment of the school child. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

EDU 301: Classical Quadrivium

Credits 3
This course focuses on the four mathematical arts known as the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. Students will read classic works in each of the four arts and discover the role that these mathematical arts have in a liberal education.

EDU 306: Early Childhood Education Instructional Programs

Credits 3
A comparative study of the curriculum and philosophy of various early childhood education programs. Students learn accepted methods of teaching and guiding children in preschool and early elementary years. Prerequisite: EDU 206.

EDU 306: History and Philosophy of Early Childhood Education

Credits 3
Students will explore the historical roots, the philosophical, the psychological and the educational foundations of early childhood education, as well as current influences. Key figures and theories in the field will be identified, along with leading approaches and curriculum models explored. Views of both supporters and critics of various educational practices will be analyzed.

EDU 333: Contemporary Issues in Education

Credits 3
Students will deepen their understanding of educational policy and institutional practices by engaging in a thorough and systematic examination of contemporary issues in education.

EDU 360: Philosophy of Education

Credits 3
Through close study of writers such as Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Rousseau, Freud, Dewey, and C.S. Lewis, students learn to identify the conceptions of human nature and the good life that inform educational practice while examining the relationship between education and politics. During this exploration of the philosophical dimensions of educational theory and the educational dimensions of political theory, the course addresses such vital questions as the nature of justification, the role of character education in addressing the problem of preservation, and the adequacy of a naturalistic conception of man and the universe.

EDU 400: Practicum

Credits 3
The placement of students in local schools specific to their anticipated certification and endorsements. The student actively participates with children, in both individual and group settings, and assists the classroom teacher as requested. The practicum requires a minimum of 44 clock hours.

EDU 401: Liberal Arts Teaching Apprenticeship

Credits 1 Max Credits 6
Students complete a part-time (10-20 hours per week) or full-time (30-40 hours per week) apprenticeship in an approved private or charter school. Note: To receive credit for EDU 401, it is necessary to complete EDU 360. A grade-point average of 3.0 or higher at the time of application is required to enter the apprenticeship.

EDU 402: Master Teachers in the Western Tradition

Credits 3
This course focuses on the lives, writings, and pedagogical practices of great teachers by reading classic works by or about them. The master teachers will include such figures as Solomon, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Jesus, Paul, Quintilian, Augustine, Aquinas, Erasmus, and Calvin.

EDU 406: Pedagogy, Curriculum, and Assessment in Early Childhood Education

Credits 3
This course focuses on the methods and content of a quality early childhood classroom experience. Students in this class will examine what to teach and how to teach it effectively. It will also give students tools to assess preschool children in areas of growth and development. Professional ethics and legal restrictions related to early childhood education will also be covered.

EDU 416: Early Childhood Education Teacher Apprenticeship

Credits 2 Max Credits 6
Students complete an apprenticeship that includes a weekly seminar and observation of experienced teachers at the preschool. The seminar encourages students to reflect on various practical issues related to teaching, such as classroom management, lesson planning, and assessment, drawing on a historical and philosophical understanding of contemporary educational practices. The number of credit hours for the course depends upon the number of hours in the field per week. To receive credit for EDU 416, students must complete EDU 106 prior to the apprenticeship semester. Instructor approval is required.

EDU 450: Teaching Language Arts

Credits 2
This course is designed to assist prospective teachers in their understanding of important concepts, instructional methods, and curricular issues related to the teaching of English language arts at the elementary level.

EDU 456: Teaching the Exceptional Child

Credits 3
The course is designed to assist teachers in understanding the diagnostic categories as well as the practices and methods for working with exceptional children in the regular classroom.

EDU 506: Early Childhood Directed Teaching

Credits 7

Requires planning and delivering instruction for children in the early childhood grades. Students teach in an early childhood classroom during the morning or afternoon for the entire semester. The student must plan his or her program so that each morning or afternoon is free from courses that meet during the period reserved for EDU 506. Prerequisite: EDU 406.

EDU 597: Special Problems

Credits 1 Max Credits 3
An elective course involving individual work on an approved topic of study in order to meet individual interests not covered by other courses. Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

HST 104: The Western Heritage to 1600

Credits 3
The course will focus on the development of political cultures in Western Europe before 1600. It begins with a consideration of Mesopotamian and Hebrew civilizations and culminates in a survey of early modern Europe. The purpose of the course is to acquaint students with the historical roots of the Western heritage and, in particular, to explore the ways in which modern man is indebted to Greco-Roman culture and the Judeo-Christian tradition. Required course for all students in the College, and except in extraordinary circumstances, must be taken in the fall semester of the freshman year.

HST 105: The American Heritage

Credits 3
This course, a continuation of HST 104, will emphasize the history of "the American experiment of liberty under law." It covers from the colonial heritage and the founding of the republic to the increasing involvement of the United States in a world of ideologies and war. Such themes as the constitutional tensions between liberty and order, opportunity in an enterprising society, changing ideas about the individual and equality, and the development of the ideal of global democracy will be examined. Attention will also be given to themes of continuity and comparison with the modern Western world, especially the direct Western influences (classical, Christian and English) on the American founding, the extent to which the regime was and is "revolutionary," and the common Western experience of modernization. Required course for all students in the College. May be taken in the freshman year but must be completed by the end of the sophomore year. Prerequisite: HST 104.

HST 206: The Western Heritage Since 1600

Credits 3
Similar in format to HST 104, this course is a document-based, thematic study of Western civilization and culture that focuses on the development of European political culture since 1600. Major topics include the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, the Church, revolutionary movements, imperialism, scientific naturalism, social democracy, total war, and totalitarianism. As a continuation of HST 104 and 105, the course permits students to place their understanding of the American Heritage into an international context and to comprehend more fully the development of the modern and contemporary world. Prerequisite: HST 104. May be taken as the third Western Civilization major requirement.

HST 300: Colonial America to 1763

Credits 3
British colonial America from the founding to the Treaty of Paris of 1763; emphasis on the religious, political and economic elements of colonial culture. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 301: The Founding of the America Republic

Credits 3
The United States from its emergence in the Revolution to the end of the War of 1812; emphasis on the thought of the Founding Fathers and their Constitution-making. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 302: Jacksonian America

Credits 3
From the Peace of Ghent to the era of "Manifest Destiny" and the deepening of sectional conflict. Special attention is given to the presidency of Andrew Jackson and the broadening of democracy which it brought. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 303: Sectionalism and the American Civil War

Credits 3
The rise of American sectionalism, the conflicting interpretations of the Constitution and state sovereignty, the approach of sectional division, Civil War and Reconstruction. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 304: Gilded Age and Progressive Era America

Credits 3
Surveys the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction to the triumph of Progressive reform in domestic and foreign policy. Particular attention given to political, social, religious, and intellectual trends and to America's emergence as an economic and military world power. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 305: The U.S. from the Great War to the Cold War

Credits 3
Surveys the history of the United States from the outbreak of the First World War to the end of the Second World War. Particular attention given to the transformation of American life brought by economic, social, religious, and intellectual changes, and by the experience of total mobilization for global war. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 306: Cold War America

Credits 3
An exploration of the history of the United States in the Cold War era (1945-1991). The three principal topics of the course will be domestic policy (political economy, the welfare state); social and cultural history (demographics, race relations, the baby boom, women's rights); and foreign policy (the Cold War). Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 307: The U.S. Since the Cold War

Credits 3
American politics from Bill Clinton's "New Democrats" and George W. Bush's "compassionate conservatives" to Barack Obama's transformative progressivism and Donald Trump's neo-populism and beyond. The U.S. as the world's sole superpower to the post-9/11 War on Terror. Continuing controversy over American ethnic, cultural, and religious identity. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 310: The Ancient Worlds

Credits 3
Survey of the ancient polities and cultures from Mesopotamia to the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West.

HST 311: Early Middle Ages

Credits 3
Beginning with an in-depth analysis of the Roman, Germanic and Christian contributions to the emergence of a distinctive medieval culture by the time of Charlemagne, the class will then examine the development of political, social and economic structures in Western Europe, the revitalization of agriculture and trade, and the issues involved in the Investiture Controversy and the Crusades.

HST 312: High and Late Middle Ages

Credits 3
The class will begin by examining medieval civilization at its height: the development of limited monarchies and representative institutions in England, France and the Holy Roman Empire; the growth of papal monarchy; the 12th-century renaissance; the rise of universities; scholasticism; Gothic architecture; and the chivalric ideal. Students will then explore the disintegration of the medieval order as a result of factors including religious disillusionment brought on by disorder within the Church and social and economic pressures resulting from the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War.

HST 314: Europe, 1618-1798

Credits 3
Europe in the 18th century, through the French Revolution to the fall of Napoleon in France; the expansion of education, science and philosophy; the growth of the middle class and the beginnings of industrialism.

HST 315: Nineteenth Century Europe

Credits 3
From Waterloo to World War I. Major themes include the persistence of revolution, the reaction of European society to industrialization, the development of new political ideologies and the problems of militarism and international rivalries.

HST 316: Europe in the 20th Century

Credits 3
World War I and the "lost peace," the birth of totalitarian regimes, World War II and the Cold War, European integration and the problems of the nuclear age.

HST 321: History of Colonial Latin America

Credits 3
Survey of Latin American history from pre-colonial times through the coming of independence. Indigenous civilizations, the age of European explorations, the settlement phase, the mature period of fully developed Iberian social and political institutions, and the impulses behind the independence movements of the early 19th century will all be examined. While focused primarily on Spanish and Portuguese America, this course also investigates the role of non-Iberian settlement and intervention in the Western hemisphere.

HST 322: History of Modern Latin America

Credits 3
Continuation of HST 321. Major themes include the impact of independence, the growth of national consciousness, boundary disputes and war in the 19th century, the rise of the caudillo, economic and social development, international relations and the place of Latin America in the contemporary world.

HST 370: War in World History I

Credits 3

Warfare remains a vital issue for Americans to understand. This is the first of the three-course core sequence, which confronts the complex topic of war and analyzes global culture during antiquity until A.D. 500. Several key issues frame our study: what makes war so alluring, what causes wars, how are they fought, and does the concept of a Western Way of War exist, and if so, how does it differ from non-Western cultures? In addition, we explore the importance of war in shaping human affairs as well as the motivation of each cultureís combatants. Prerequisite: HST 104. Required for the minor in military history and grand strategy. Fall, even-numbered years.

HST 371: War in World History II

Credits 3
This course serves as a continuation of the history of warfare, addressing the same questions and seeking the same answers. This course confronts the complex topic of medieval war and analyzes global culture from AD 500 to 1500, whilst debunking modern myths of medieval society being dark or crude. Major topics include the devastating power of the Asian Steppe armies, the Crusades, and the Hundred Yearsí War. Prerequisite: HST 104. Required for the minor in military history and grand strategy. Spring, odd-numbered years.

HST 372: War in World History III

Credits 3
This course serves as a continuation of the history of warfare, addressing the same questions and seeking the same answers as parts I and II. This course confronts the complex topic of war and analyzes global culture from AD 1500 to the eve of World War I. It surveys the major military and naval innovations, including the Military Revolutions. In addition to examining major wars and operations, the course will also closely examine the interaction of war with political, economic, and cultural change. Prerequisite: HST 104. Required for the minor in military history and grand strategy. Fall, odd-numbered years.

HST 400: Ancient Near East

Credits 3
Specialized historical survey of the politics and culture of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia and Israel.

HST 402: Ancient Rome

Credits 3
Emphasis on politics and culture from the foundations of the city to the reign of the Emperor Constantine(about 750 B.C.-300 A.D.).

HST 403: The Ancient Greek City

Credits 3
Historical consideration of the ancient Greek polis as a political regime from a variety of angles. The course explores the similarities and differences between ancient and modern republics. Readings include complete works by Aristophanes, Euripides, Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, Plutarch, Adam Ferguson, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, and selected briefer texts illustrating the character of the ancient Greek economy and social life.

HST 405: History of Late Antiquity

Credits 3
In this course we will pursue a study of the Mediterranean world from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Crusades. Moving west to east, this course will analyze the political, military, economic, philosophical, and religious transformations in the region. Crucial to the course will be an analysis of the continuity or discontinuity of classical culture within the Mediterranean sphere. Also central to our study will be the struggles for Christian unity in this period as well as the rise of Islam as a challenge to the classical and Christian Mediterranean world.

HST 406: Medieval England

Credits 3
English history from the coming of the Romans through the early 16th century, with emphasis on Anglo-Saxon, Norman and Plantagenet England.

HST 407: The Renaissance

Credits 3
The course will examine the dynamic intellectual and cultural life of late medieval and early modern Europe in its political, social and economic contexts. Through readings from the works of Dante, Petrarch, Salutati, Bruni, Valla, Pico della Mirandola, Machiavelli, Castiglione, Erasmus, More and others, students will consider the emergence of new humanist methods of scholarship and their influence on the literature of political and social comment.

HST 412: History of Spain

Credits 3
Spanish history and culture from the Islamic invasion of Iberia in 711 to the Civil War and the Franco dictatorship.

HST 414: The French Revolution and Napoleon

Credits 3
This course offers an intensive investigation of the French Revolution. The ideas and events of each successive phase of the Revolution, including the reign of Napoleon, will be examined. Emphasis will be placed on studying competing political theories, the role of religious belief and practice in Revolutionary France, the impact of local identities on the course of the Revolution, and the effect of events in France throughout Europe.

HST 415: History of France Since 1815

Credits 3
Seven different regimes from Louis XVIII to Francois Mitterrand: the revolutionary legacy, the acquisition and loss of a colonial empire, the impact of war and defeat, the redefinition of France's role in the world, and the transition from Gaullism to socialism.

HST 416: History of England After 1485

Credits 3
The Tudor and Stuart dynasties, constitutional monarchy under the Hanoverians, the Industrial Revolution, characteristics of the Victorian era, British imperialism and the problems stemming from two world wars.

HST 419: History of Russia to 1917

Credits 3
Russia from earliest times to the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917: Major topics include the Kievan state and its collapse, the Mongol overlordship, Muscovite Russia, the founding of the Romanov dynasty, Imperial Russia through the Revolution of 1917 and the Bolshevik seizure of power. The political, social, economic and intellectual forces which shaped the above developments will be examined.

HST 425: History of the Middle East

Credits 3
The Middle East from the rise of Islam to the present: the Arab Caliphates; the Ottoman Empire; European imperialism and the Near Eastern question; World War I and its impact; modern Turkish, Iranian, Arab and Israeli nationalism.

HST 440: History of the American West

Credits 3
History of the moving frontier from early colonial times to 1890. Emphasis on the meaning of the West in American history. Special attention to the Turner Thesis and Western literature. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 442: Economic History of the United States

Credits 3
The economic development of the United States. The course is designed to encourage the student to develop theories and answers to questions such as these: How and why did there develop in this nation the highest level of material living ever known? Are there any lessons here which can be used to help other developing nations? Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 450: Ancient Christianity

Credits 3
The history of the Christian Church from its origins to its rise as the dominant religion in the Roman Empire. Focusing on primary texts, the course will trace the development of Christian thought, community and politics in the first 400 years of Christian history.

HST 451: Medieval Christianity

Credits 3
Continues HST 450. Church history in Western Europe from late antiquity through the 15th century, with emphasis on trends in spirituality as well as institutional development.

HST 452: The Reformation

Credits 3
Continues HST 451. Major religious movements of the 16th century in their political, social, economic and cultural contexts, from Christian humanism through the Wars of Religion.

HST 465: Topical Studies in the History of Science

Credits 3
This course considers several topics in the history of science, which may vary from offering to offering. Usually one of four themes will be the focus for the semester: 1) Survey of Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern Science; or 2) Survey of Science Since the 17th Century; or 3) Science in American Culture; or 4) Science and Christian Faith. The course may be repeated with different content.

HST 468: American Military History to 1914

Credits 3
A broad introduction to the American military and naval experience from the colonial period to the eve of World War I. In addition to the major land campaigns of American history, we examine the role of foreign activities and naval warfare, considering the changing cultural, political, economic, and religious norms of the United States. Prerequisite: HST 105. Spring, odd-numbered years.

HST 469: American Military History Since 1914

Credits 3
Survey of US military history, broadly conceived, from World War I to the wars of the early twenty-first century. The course addresses military strategy, the interplay of force and diplomacy, technological innovation, civil-military relations, leadership, and the cultural and social underpinnings of military power. Prerequisite: HST 105. Fall, even-numbered years.

HST 470: World War I

Credits 3
A global survey of the First World War (1914-1918). We examine the campaigns and the cultures of warówith emphasis upon strategies, operations, tactics, and generalship. In addition, we study the ordinary soldier and civilian, as well as the home fronts. The course challenges students to reflect on whether the war created modernity or modernity created the war. Prerequisite: HST 104. Fall, even-numbered years.

HST 471: World War II

Credits 3
A global survey of the Second World War (1937-1945). We examine the campaigns and the cultures of warówith emphasis upon strategies, operations, tactics, and generalship. In addition, we study the ordinary soldier and civilian as well as the home fronts. The course provides a balanced assessment of both the European and Pacific theaters, and begins combat operations with the Japanese attack against China in 1937. Prerequisite: HST 104. Spring, odd-numbered years.

HST 472: The Vietnam War

Credits 3
Covers the military, diplomatic, political, and cultural dynamics of the struggle for South Vietnam from 1954 to 1975. Students will evaluate competing interpretations of the war and their ongoing relevance to debates on US foreign policy and national identity. Prerequisite: HST 105. Fall, odd-numbered years.

HST 473: Art of War in World History

Credits 3
This course examines the static nature, yet changing character, of strategy in war. We scrutinize the strategists such as S?nzi and Carl von Clausewitz, as well as the strategies such as annihilation and attrition to counterinsurgency and nuclear deterrence. Global in scope, primary source readings cover all continents, strategists, and major empires, whilst reflecting on the sociocultural influences on warís conduct. From antiquity to the present, this course challenges students to craft their own definitions of strategy and examine how the art of war instructs the future of American foreign policy. Prerequisite: HST 104. Fall, odd-numbered years.

HST 474: Just War Tradition in the West

Credits 3
Utilizing primary source readings, this course surveys the key minds who constructed, influenced, and shaped the ethical implications of warfare in the West. We begin in antiquity with ancient Greece and Rome and end in the present. Whilst examining case studies from major wars throughout history, we face the herculean task of confronting war through a theological and philosophical lens. Prerequisite: HST 104. Spring, even-numbered years.

HST 475: Case Studies in the Origins of War

Credits 3
Historical consideration of five case studies-four sets of developments that eventuated in war, and one that did not. Study of the origins of the Peloponnesian War in Pericles' day precedes consideration of the origins of World War One. The origins of the Second Punic War in the time of Hannibal are compared with those of the Second World War. The course concludes with a consideration of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Cold War.

HST 476: Nation Building and International Development

Credits 3
Since the end of World War II, the United States has sought to strengthen allies and alleviate suffering through foreign assistance programs ranging from military support to humanitarian aid. This course examines the theories underlying these programs, the implementation of programs, civil-military cooperation, and aid effectiveness. Prerequisite: HST 105. Spring, odd-numbered years.

HST 477: Counter-Insurgency and Counter-Terrorism

Credits 3
This course provides a history of governmental efforts to thwart insurgents and terrorists with all the instruments of national power. The course considers the causes of insurgency and terrorism as well as the strategies, tactics, leadership, and interagency collaboration employed against them. Prerequisite: HST 104. Fall, even-numbered years.

HST 478: The American National Security State

Credits 3

This course traces the rise of the American national security state from its humble origins in the American Revolution to its massive growth in the twentieth century and its transformation in the twenty-first century. Students will explore the national debates over the need for national defense, the growth of defense spending and taxation, the rise of the defense industry, the inefficiencies and abuses of the national security bureaucracy, and the compromises to American liberty resulting from perceived national security threats. Prerequisite: HST 105. Fall, odd-numbered years.

HST 479: American Grand Strategy

Credits 3
This course examines the evolution of US strategic thinking from the time of the nation's founding to the present. Through analysis of major events and thought leaders, it traces enduring themes and truths of international relations and statecraft. Prerequisite: HST 105. Required for the minor in military history and grand strategy. Spring, even-numbered years.

HST 480: History of the American Identity

Credits 3
Formation and development of America's sense of historical mission from the Puritans to the present day. Analysis of primary documents guides students through a chronological evaluation of America's "political theology, " including its sense of divine calling, national mission, and redemptive world role. Readings focus on the religious, political, ideological, and historical roots of America's understanding of its place in history, exploring how that identity has been shaped both by Americans themselves and by foreign observers. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 481: Modern European Intellectual History

Credits 3
Explores the contested views regarding the nature of man and his place in society beginning with John Locke, Adam Smith, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Continues through exploration of influential nineteenth and twentieth-century foundations of modern economics, politics, science, psychology, and sociology. Particular attention is given to readings from Rousseau, Smith, Hegel, Marx, Mill, Tocqueville, Darwin, Nietzsche, Freud, and Weber.

HST 482: Intellectual History of the United States

Credits 3
Studies in American thought and its social consequences from the colonial period to the present. Readings include interpretations of the American mind and selections from important thinkers in social criticism, philosophy, economics, politics and literature. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 484: Constitutional History of the United States Since 1877

Credits 3
Constitutional problems of the urban and industrial revolutions, the Progressive Era, civil liberties in the world wars and Cold War, civil rights and the cultural revolution of the 1960s, the modern administrative state, and the rise of modern judicial review. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 485: The History of the United States Presidency

Credits 3
This course explores the history of the United States Presidency from the administration of George Washington to the present. It studies major presidencies and the increasing centralization of power in the executive branch since the mid-20th century. Prerequisite: HST 105.

HST 495: Christian Humanist Historiographical Vision

Credits 3
Explores some of the most important historians and scholars of the twentieth century: Christopher Dawson, Eric Voegelin, Joseph Schumpeter, John Lukacs, Michael Oakeshott, and Owen Barfield. It considers metahistory, symbol, myth, and theology in the study of history and the philosophy of history. Explicitly and implicitly, it analyzes alternatives to progressive, Marxian, and Nietzschean visions of history, so predominant in the past century.

HST 500: The History and Philosophy of History

Credits 3
This course considers the perennial disciplinary questions that historians have confronted since classical times. It takes up significant philosophical and theoretical approaches to history, as well as important analytical and historiographical problems within the major historical fields of study. The course places special emphasis upon the history of historical writing. The History Department faculty strongly recommends the course for all history majors intending to pursue graduate study or wishing to write a thesis for departmental honors in history

HST 518: History Travel Study Programs

Credits 3
Offers students an opportunity for intensive and focused exploration of a historically significant region under the close guidance of a member of the history faculty. Courses are offered both occasional summers and during January. May be taken more than once. Only three credit hours may be applied to the major, however.

HST 597: Special Research

Credits 1 Max Credits 2
Generally, this is a directed readings course designed to enable students to explore areas not covered in scheduled courses.

LAW 320: Business Law I

Credits 3
An introduction to legal rights and processes as they affect business. Detailed discussion of torts, crimes, sales and contract law. Offered Fall semester only.

LAW 321: Business Law II

Credits 3
A sequel to LAW 320, this course continues the exploration of basic business law. Agency, partnership, employment, corporations, negotiable instruments, secured transactions, bankruptcy, insurance and property are the substantive areas examined. Prerequisite: LAW 320 or permission of instructor.

LAW 322: Labor and Employment Law

Credits 3
This course is designed for the student who is planning a career in business. All major national labor legislation is studied. In addition, the problems of union organization, collective bargaining agreements, antitrust laws, as they apply to unions, and affirmative action legislation are explored. Prerequisite: LAW 320 or permission of instructor.

LAW 400: Real Estate Law

Credits 3
Property law is the subject of this course. The elements of real property, personal property, trusts and estates are analyzed. Prerequisite: LAW 320 or permission of instructor.

LAW 430: International Business Law

Credits 3
An introduction to the legal considerations of international business transactions. A survey of international comparative law concepts and legal and arbitral aspects of dispute settlement. Specific topics include the regulation of the multinational enterprise, the regulation of foreign investment, labor-dispute settlement and laws of international taxation and protection of intellectual property. Prerequisite: LAW 320 or permission of instructor.

POL 101: U.S. Constitution

Credits 3
This course introduces students to early American political thought and its crowning political achievement, the United States Constitution. Focusing on The Federalist Papers and other original source documents from the Founding period, students learn basic American political concepts such as natural rights, social compact theory, religious liberty and constitutional features such as limited government, separation of powers and the rule of law. By studying the Constitution, students will understand better the nature of political justice and the serious challenges, especially those represented by the Civil War and the rise of progressivism, in preserving "the American experiment of self-government under law."

POL 202: American Political Thought

Credits 3
This course focuses on the political thought of the late 19th century through today with special emphasis on the Progressive movement, New Deal, Great Society and contemporary politics.

POL 211: Classical Political Philosophy

Credits 3
This course will offer an overview of major themes in classical political philosophy. The course will focus on the writings of Plato and Aristotle and selections from other writers such as Thucydides, Aristophanes, Xenophon and Cicero.

POL 220: Introduction to American Foreign Policy

Credits 3
American statesmen have defended the principles of the regime and the rights of its citizens in a world of empires and nation-states. This course provides an overview of controversies over independence and imperialism, modern tyranny and regime change, which have marked U.S. foreign policy from the founding to the present day.

POL 301: American Government

Credits 3
This course focuses on the relationship between the major institutions of American government with a special emphasis on the relationship between the Presidency and the Congress in the formation of policy and in the control of the bureaucracy.

POL 302: The American Congress

Credits 3
This course is a study of the legislative power in the American regime. It focuses on the nature of the legislative power, and how that power was institutionalized in the Constitution. Emphasis is also placed upon the way the theory of the modern progressive administrative state has altered our conceptions of Congress and the legislative power, and how that change is manifested in the delegation of legislative power to administrative agencies. The course also introduces the student to contemporary functions and procedures of Congress.

POL 303: The American Presidency

Credits 3
This course is an intensive study of the American presidency. It seeks to understand the structure and function of executive power in the American constitutional order. It will begin with the place of the president in the constitutionalism of the Founding Fathers, and then examine how that role has been altered by the modern progressive administrative state, along with the implications of that alteration for constitutional government.

POL 304: Constitutional Law

Credits 3
Survey of the Constitution and leading decisions of the Supreme Court concerning the separation and distribution of power within the national government and between the national government and the state governments. Specific topics covered, among others, include judicial interpretation, judicial review, federalism and the nature and scope of executive, legislative and judicial powers.

POL 305: Civil Rights

Credits 3
A study of civil rights in the American regime, with a view to this question: what are the rights of the individual, and how does government protect them? Supreme Court and other court cases will be studied, along with other sources in the American tradition. Topics include freedom of speech and press, religious liberty, freedom of association, gun rights, rights of persons in judicial proceedings, equal protection of the laws, due process of law, and privileges and immunities of citizenship. For each topic, the current liberal and conservative approach will be contrasted with that of the Founders.

POL 306: Political Parties and Elections

Credits 3
This course begins with an overview of the role of elections in a constitutional republic. The course then traces the development of American political parties from the founding period to the present day, with a special focus on presidential elections and the electoral college.

POL 307: Administrative Law

Credits 3
The course focuses on the legal framework within which national policy and regulations are promulgated by administrative agencies, and on the role played by federal courts in supervising the process of making regulatory policy. A central theme of the course will be the connection between the principles of administrative law today and the original principles of the U.S. Constitution. The course will take a case-law approach.

POL 308: Public Policy

Credits 3
Study of the principles and practice of public policy-making in America, with special attention to major controversies in contemporary public policy. Possible topics, among others, include welfare, immigration, education, campaign finance, business, religion, morality and national defense.

POL 313: Christianity and Politics

Credits 3
This course explores the political tension between what Augustine called the City of God and the City of Man. It examines the interaction between Christian theology and tradition, politics, and the philosophical claims of reason. Authors studied include Augustine, Aquinas, Dante, Luther, Calvin and others.

POL 319: World Politics: The Modern State

Credits 3
The modern state has dominated world politics for more than three-and-a-half centuries. Beginning with the philosophic origins of the modern state in Machiavelli and Hobbes, the course then moves from the political beginnings of the state system in 17th-century Europe to the beginning of the First World War. Special attention is paid to the causes influencing the formation and change of political regimes.

POL 324: Comparative Politics: 20th Century Founders

Credits 3
The 20th century saw new, often radical challenges to the regime of commercial republicanism. The political thought of the founders of major regimes-including Lenin, Hitler, Gandhi, de Gaulle, Khomeini and Havel-will be examined in order to understand the character of those regimes.

POL 401: Statesmanship of Abraham Lincoln

Credits 3
This course focuses on the political thought and actions of Abraham Lincoln and his contemporaries, including Stephen Douglas, John C. Calhoun and Roger Taney, and the political controversies of the antebellum and Civil War periods.

POL 403: American Progressivism and Liberalism

Credits 3
An examination of the Progressive political thought that was integral to the new direction undertaken in American politics in the 20th century. The course addresses the most important national Progressive thinkers and their arguments, and also aims to understand the Progressives in light of the sources in the tradition of political philosophy from which they drew their principles. The course examines how progressivism has impacted contemporary American politics, and focuses on Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Croly, Theodore Roosevelt and John Dewey, among others.

POL 404: American Conservatism

Credits 3
This course will explore the nature and origin of American conservatism through a careful study of its principal thinkers and writers. Possible authors include, among others, Richard Weaver, Eric Voegelin, Leo Strauss, Harvey Mansfield Jr., Harry Jaffa, Russell Kirk, Irving Kristol, Robert Nisbet and F.A. Hayek. Special attention will be given to the conservative movement after 1945.

POL 406: The American Founding

Credits 3
A thorough study of the political theory of the American founding. Topics include natural law and social compact theory, the purpose and structure of national and state governments, the relation of the American revolution to the British political tradition and Enlightenment thought, foreign and domestic policy, and the character of religion in America. The doctrines of the founding will be contrasted with Progressive and later liberal and conservative views of justice.

POL 407: The Federalist

Credits 3
This course examines the political teaching of The Federalist in order to discover the distinctive features of American constitutionalism, to explore theory and practice in the American Founding, and to see how Publius meets the challenges of its critics. This course will be based upon an explication of each paper in the text and will address the argument of Publius in light of his Anti-Federalist adversaries.

POL 412: Politics and Literature

Credits 3
This course takes seriously the claim that great works of literature can serve as the source for the serious study of philosophic, moral and political problems. Students will study great works of fiction, which treat the permanent political questions. Possible authors include, among others, Homer, Virgil, Shakespeare, Milton, Swift, Dostoyevsky, Twain and Orwell.

POL 421: International Politics: The 21st Century

Credits 3
"Globalization," "democratization," the "clash of civilizations," the "war on terror": citizens in the contemporary world confront challenges unanticipated at the end of the last century. This course highlights current themes and debates in light of the perennial questions of political life

POL 422: Statesmanship of Winston Churchill

Credits 3
This course examines the principles and practice of statesmanship and focuses on the writings and actions of Sir Winston Churchill. The course aims to discover what a statesman is, what sort of statesman Churchill was, and what is the place of and need for a statesman in a popularly governed nation.

POL 431: Readings in World Politics

Credits 3
This course will focus on a particular text or set of texts crucial to the understanding of some key theme or set of themes in international politics. A classical author (e.g., Grotius, Vattel) or an important topic (e.g., Islam, nuclear deterrence, the Cold War) will frame the inquiry.

PSY 101: Psychology in the Modern Era

Credits 3
A broad survey of the contemporary science of psychology. Topics covered include research design, the biological basis of mind, sensation and perception, learning and memory, social psychology, developmental psychology, personality, psychopathology and its treatment.

PSY 201: Psychology in the Western Tradition

Credits 3
Devotes special attention to the study of psychology in antiquity and through the late 19th and early 20th century. Emphasizes the fieldís membership in a vast scholarly tradition concerned with true understandings of what has been variously called the human soul, mind, consciousness, etc., and considers the prospects and risks of limiting psychology to that which can be apprehended with the methods and thought forms of natural science.

PSY 209: Statistics for the Social Sciences

Credits 3
Students learn quantitative methods for describing empirical phenomena and testing hypothesized relationships between variables. The emphasis is on methods commonly used in psychology including correlation, regression, one- and two-sample tests, one- and two-way ANOVAs, and their repeated-measures counterparts.

PSY 210: Research Methods and Methodology

Credits 3

A crucial study of survey and experimental methods utilized in psychological research. Students will be introduced to ethical considerations important in psychological research, learn how to design experiments, collect and analyze data, and write and present experimental research reports utilizing APA guidelines. Prerequisite: PSY 209.

PSY 250: Psychology Internship

Credits 1 Max Credits 3
A supervised practical experience in a professional setting. The experience can include observing, assisting, assuming regular duties, or pursuing a special project topic. Three hours per week per semester for each credit hour earned. Permission of the department chairman is required.

PSY 340: Lifespan Developmental Psychology

Credits 3
Principles and theories of human development from conception through death and dying. Contemporary research is examined and integrated within the biosocial, cognitive, and psychological/social domains. Universal patterns and cultural variation of development are explored.

PSY 341: Social Psychology

Credits 3
This course offers an introduction to the quantitative and experimental study of persons and society founded on the model of natural science and to critics of this approach who conceive the problem of social psychology as sharing more in common with the humanities than either physics or chemistry. Seminal figures representative of both perspectives are considered, as are the implications their theories have for our understanding of persons and society.

PSY 342: Principles of Learning and Behavior

Credits 3
This course provides an in-depth introduction to classical, operant, and contemporary theories, principles, and methods used in the study of how behavior changes as a function of experience, as well as their place in the larger theoretical framework of psychology. Includes discussion of the practical implications of these principles. Attention is directed to experimental research using human and animal subjects.

PSY 343: Abnormal Psychology

Credits 3
Introduction to the study of psychopathology. Focuses on theoretical models of abnormal behavior as they relate to the definition, etiology, and treatment of mental disorders. Diagnostic classification, behavioral, and biological features of the major syndromes of psychopathology are emphasized.

PSY 344: Biological Psychology

Credits 3
Taking up the age-old question of the mindís relation to the body, this course engages thinkers (psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, philosophers) concerned with the embodied nature of human experience. It pays special attention to viewpoints that conceive of persons holistically and as reliant onóbut ultimately irreducible toóthe material operations of their nervous systems. Students who have met the prerequisites may complete BIO 470: Cognitive Neuroscience in lieu of this course.

PSY 345: Cognitive Psychology

Credits 3
This course critically examines theory and experimental evidence contributing to the understanding of fundamental cognitive processes, including those involved in perception, attention, memory, knowledge representation, language, problem solving, judgment, and decision making

PSY 350: Child Psychology

Credits 3

Biosocial, cognitive, and psychological/social domains of human development (from conception through adolescence) are examined. Emphasis is placed on the integration of relevant theories and research, as well as cultural and individual variations of child development.

PSY 361: Introduction to Clinical Psychology

Credits 3
This course introduces the primary theoretical perspectives of clinical/counseling psychologists as well as explores issues that influence the profession, including ethics, standards of practice, assessment, and working with diverse clients. Students will learn about training, job settings, issues related to credentialing, licensing, preparation standards, public policy, and membership in professional organizations.

PSY 365: Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Credits 3
Survey of the basic theories and applications of psychology to the workplace including job analysis and evaluation, personnel selection, testing, performance appraisal, training, performance management, employee motivation, job satisfaction, leadership, and group processes within organizations.

PSY 371: The Writings of William James

Credits 3
Considers the life and writings of William James, philosophical pragmatist and founding figure of American psychology. Central texts include his Lowell Institute lectures on pragmatism, Hibbert Lectures on pluralism, Gifford Lectures on religious experience, and his book Psychology: The Briefer Course. Selections from his many essays and his investigations into parapsychological phenomena are also examined.

PSY 372: Phenomenology of the Collective Unconscious

Credits 3
Treats the major concepts and themes arising from Carl Jungís investigations of the psyche, including the collective (or objective) unconscious, archetypes, individuation, and the Self. This is done through careful study of key texts from Jungís corpus and, where appropriate, supplementary texts from his collaborators and students. The relationship between Jungian psychology and religion, metaphysics, science, and society are matters of special attention.

PSY 373: Toward a Postcritical Psychology

Credits 3
Traces an alternative to positivistic conceptions of knowledge and social science by connecting early 20th-century theories of visual perception in Gestalt and ecological psychology with the philosophy of Michael Polanyi and the insights of his one-time collaborator, psychologist-philosopher Sigmund Koch. Points of contact with analytical psychology and contemporary perspectives in sociology and neuroscience are noted.

PSY 410: Laboratory Assistantship

Credits 1 Max Credits 2
Students will gain practical experience in setting up laboratory equipment and experiments or supervising laboratory work. Three hours per week per semester is required for each credit hour. Permission of the department chairman is required.

PSY 472: Tests & Measurement

Credits 3

This course is intended to facilitate students' understanding of theories and methods underlying psychological assessment. After learning about the theory of measurement with an emphasis on reliability and validity, students will evaluate, administer, and interpret widely accepted measurement instruments including intelligence, personality, and aptitude tests. Prerequisite: PSY 209.

PSY 483: Psychology Practicum

Credits 4

The practicum is intended to provide students with hands-on experience in a particular area within the field of psychology, while also completing in-depth academic study in that area. Students are encouraged to work in an area related to personal or professional career goals. Open only to junior or senior psychology majors. Application and permission of the department chairman is required.

PSY 484: Psychology Research Project

Credits 4

This course will culminate in the writing and presentation of a research project. Students will identify an area of interest, review the literature, devise a research question and identify methods appropriate to answering that question, develop the necessary materials, and gather and analyze data. This course should be taken in the junior or senior year. Prerequisite: PSY 210.

PSY 485: Psychology Thesis

Credits 3
This course permits students interested in theoretical and philosophical problems in psychology to explore possible solutions in a scholarly paper (25-to-30 pages) and presentation (10-to-15 minutes). Instructor approval is required to enroll.

SSD 140: Introduction to Shooting Sports

Credits 1

This course is intended to provide students with an overview of firearm safety, competitive shooting sports, the history of firearm development, federal firearm laws, and wildlife conservation funding. This course consists of eight weeks of instruction during the academic semester.

This course provides a foundation within multiple disciplines in the shooting sports. While the course will not go into great depth on any subject or discipline, it is intended to provide a platform from which to expand into more specialized courses and the larger shooting sports community. It is designed for new shooters, but is meant to be fun and educational regardless of experience level.

SSD 141: Basic Shotgun

Credits 1

This eight-week course is intended to help students learn the basics of certain clay target shooting disciplines and develop their clay target shooting skills and firearm safety. Most of the class time will be spent shooting outdoors. While this course focuses on the basics, it is meant to be fun and educational regardless of experience level.

Students that earn a passing grade in this course will earn the benefits of Halter Center membership until they graduate from Hillsdale College, including discounts on target fees.

SSD 142: Intermediate Shotgun

Credits 1

This eight-week course is intended to help students learn the basics of certain clay target shooting disciplines and develop their clay target shooting skills and firearm safety. Most of the class time will be spent shooting outdoors. While this course focuses on the basics, it is meant to be fun and educational regardless of experience level.

Students that earn a passing grade in this course will earn the benefits of Halter Center membership until they graduate from Hillsdale College, including discounts on target fees.

SSD 144: Basic Rifle and Pistol

Credits 1

This course is intended to help students develop their competition-style rifle and pistol abilities. It consists of eight weeks of instruction during the academic semester.

The course provides a platform for students who already have some familiarity with firearms to further develop their fundamental shooting skills and process. Subjects covered include indoor, Olympic-style air rifle and air pistol, outdoor small bore rifle and pistol, and larger caliber rifle and pistol. This course does not directly cover tactical-style competition or defensive shooting, though questions about these topics and discussion of how precision shooting relates to and complements these areas is welcomed and encouraged, provided it does not detract from the lesson. While this course focuses on the basics, it is meant to be fun and educational regardless of experience level.

SSD 180: Physical Wellness Dynamics

Credits 2
Students engage in a basic physical wellness program through physical conditioning, strength development, diet monitoring, and/or specific wellness activities. Weekly seminar sessions offer a knowledge base of the physiological effects and adaptations of exercise, nutrition, and stress on their mind, body, and spirit while managing a fit lifestyle. Additionally, discussion focuses on health and wellness issues and recent research findings. This course of study is intended to give students better preparation to make informed lifestyle choices and patterns of behavior, as well as provide rationale and motivation to pursue the highest quality of health and wellness. This class meets a core course requirement. Lecture and laboratory sections are required.

SSD 190: Safety and First Aid

Credits 2
The course covers theory and techniques of accident prevention, emergency care, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Red Cross certification in first aid and CPR is included in successful completion of the course.

SSD 200: Water Safety Instructor

Credits 2
This course covers methods and techniques of teaching swimming. Students also perfect their own swimming strokes and skills. Upon successful completion of the course, students will receive an American Red Cross Water Safety Instructor's certificate. Prerequisite: current advanced lifesaving certificate.

SSD 220: Officiating Sports

Credits 2
The techniques, methods, and science of officiating team sports. The student is required to officiate in organized athletic contests.

SSD 260: Athletic Training

Credits 2
A basic athletic training class with emphasis placed on application of knowledge. This theory and practical application course is designed to provide the student with information on the prevention, assessment, and intervention of emergency, acute, and chronic medical conditions involving impairment, functional limitations and disabilities, treatment and rehabilitation of athletic injuries, pharmacology, and general medical considerations. Prerequisite: BIO 308.

SSD 292: Methods of Outdoor Recreation

Credits 2
An outdoor experience in camping, canoeing, and cross-country skiing, plus an exposure to orienteering, shooting sports, angling, cycling and backpacking is included in the course.

SSD 300: Personal and Community Health

Credits 3
This course discusses and analyzes various aspects of nutrition, including but not limited to: proper components of a healthy diet; the role of the six categories of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fats, and water); an inspection of healthy and unhealthy lifestyles and how they are impacted by an individual's overall nutritional intake; nutritional relevancy when dealing with cancer and other diseases; how the sources of our food have changed; and how to incorporate necessary aspects of nutrition that will result in an improvement of overall health for a lifetime. It will also include a description of basic concepts of fitness: muscular strength and endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, and flexibility; how these components should be balanced and effectively implemented into the lifestyle of individuals of any age; and how to implement them cost-effectively in order to promote wellness that lasts a lifetime.

SSD 305: Nutrition

Credits 3
This course is a survey of the basic principles of nutrition in health and disease. The material covers nutrient classes, their functions and sources, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, along with practical applications that reflect nutritional impact in relationship to physical activity, weight loss, and maintenance. Nutritional needs at different stages of life and consumer concerns about food are also covered.

SSD 310: Theory and Practice of Football

Credits 2
Fundamentals and philosophy of coaching, with emphasis on best-known offensive and defensive systems are addressed. Modern techniques of training, game strategy, scouting and officiating are also explored.

SSD 313: Theory and Practice of Track and Field

Credits 2
This course covers the philosophy and techniques in coaching various events, administrating and managing meets, and methods of training, while considering factors that affect speed, endurance and fatigue.

SSD 315: Theory and Practice of Volleyball

Credits 2
Coaching and advanced skills are covered, along with selection of a team, preparation, officiating, and conducting competitive events. Prerequisite: SSD 115 or permission of the instructor.

SSD 320: Methods of Teaching Physical Education

Credits 3
The student will examine the role and procedures of teaching Physical Education at the elementary and secondary school levels. The course will have a strong emphasis on skill development, activity promotion, and physical fitness behaviors. Students will be taught to encourage attitudes and impart skills to K-12 students that will inspire them to pursue physical fitness throughout life. The course will also include practical experience in unit lesson planning, classroom management techniques, evaluation procedures, assessments, and developing age-appropriate units.

SSD 325: Teaching School Health

Credits 2
The student will study the methods of teaching health education, new directions in the field, planning a curriculum, and organization of material.

SSD 330: Motor Learning and Kinesiology

Credits 3
This course is designed to help the student understand the basics of human movement and simple motor skills. The course is structured to allow the student to examine each articulation (joint) and movement characteristics. The course concludes with a look at simple, gross motor movement pattern investigation. Prerequisite: BIO 308.

SSD 332: Sport Business and Finance

Credits 2

This class will examine the details of finance in the sport industry. Topics specific to business and finance in the world of sports will include management of ticketing systems as well as budgeting and generation of revenue for sport programs from the secondary level to every tier of professional sports. Financial development and management of capital projects, including mixing public and private funds, will be covered as well. The course will also discuss ongoing financial issues within sport organizations, such as revenue versus non-revenue sports, pay to play, labor relations, and sport funding

SSD 335: History and Philosophy of P.E. and Sport

Credits 3
This three-credit-hour course is designed to teach fundamental concepts and philosophy underlying physical education, fitness, and sport, as well as historical developments and their significance.

SSD 340: Adapted Physical Education

Credits 2
This course will provide students with theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to plan and implement appropriate physical education programs in integrated settings for students with disabilities. Emphasis is given to the adaptation of physical education to the needs of children with physical, intellectual, emotional, or sensory disabilities. Strategies for program planning and implementation include writing modified IEP goals, activity and equipment adaptation, case studies, and techniques of teaching.

SSD 350: Measurement in Physical Education

Credits 2
A theory and methods course using statistical analysis of various physical tests in the area of health and physical education. Consideration is given to evaluating and grading the physical education student and to interpretation of the test results.

SSD 360: Advanced Athletic Training

Credits 3
This is a theory and practical application course designed to provide the student with information on the prevention, assessment, and intervention of emergency, acute, and chronic medical conditions involving impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities; treatment and rehabilitation of athletic injuries; use of therapeutic modalities; pharmacology; psychological implications to injury and illness; as well as general medical considerations. Prerequisite: SSD 260.

SSD 362: Health Care Ethics

Credits 2
This course presents an overview of the legal and ethical issues facing the health care industry. It provides students with a basic working knowledge of health law and ethics. It is a comprehensive and inclusive review of a wide variety of health care legal issues. Students are provided a realistic knowledge of health law and its application to the real world.

SSD 364: Medical Terminology

Credits 2
This course explores medical language and reinforces information primarily from anatomy and physiology. Medical Terminology is often a prerequisite for graduate programs in health professions.

SSD 370: Sport Psychology

Credits 3
This course is designed for the undergraduate student interested in sport and exercise psychology as an academic discipline. It applies concepts derived from the study of sport to an applied setting. Topics covered are: motivation in sport and exercise, arousal attention and personality of the athlete, situational factors related to anxiety and mood, cognitive and behavioral interventions, social psychology of sport, and the psychobiology of sport and exercise.

SSD 374: Principles and Practice of Sport and Athletic Management

Credits 3
The course will provide students with specific understanding of management as it impacts the sport environment. Students will acquire knowledge, skills, and abilities relating to the basic principles of management, marketing, law, finance and ethics in sports, and how those factors interact with each other. Students will be challenged to apply knowledge of sport management situations to solve basic problems faced by sport managers. The course will also introduce and explore career opportunities in professional sports, semiprofessional sport organizations, collegiate athletics, sport marketing agencies, sport broadcasting venues, and facility management in both community and commercial venues.

SSD 392: Field Experience

Credits 1 Max Credits 3
This study is a laboratory experience in a health, sport studies, teaching, or athletic program which includes student assistantships in teaching, intramurals, club sports, and varsity athletics. Minimum of sophomore status is required.

SSD 405: Advanced Nutrition

Credits 3
This course is a study of the basic biological principles of human nutrition in health and disease. The course covers the chemical nature of essential nutrients, the biology of their functions in the human body, survey of nutrition in the life cycles, introduction of computer use in diet analysis and diet adequacy, and modification of diets for therapeutic use. Prerequisite: SSD 305

SSD 410: Organization & Administration

Credits 3

This course is designed to teach a variety of key concepts in leading sports organizations. Topics will include leadership functions of an administrator including (but not limited to) fiscal management, personnel management, facilities management, community relations, fundraising, scheduling, law, policy, and planning. To culminate their experiences, students will be prompted to draw from their cumulative undergraduate knowledge to develop a personal philosophy and successfully advocate the need for athletics in education. The foundation of the class will focus on the administration of sport on a variety of levels (youth, secondary level, higher education, and professional organizations) and present the many opportunities that exist in Sport Management.

SSD 430: Biomechanics and Advanced Kinesiology

Credits 3

This course is designed to help the student further understand the basics of human movement by applying mechanical principles to biological systems. The course is structured to allow the student to examine problems of static and dynamic systems from kinematic and kinetic perspectives and analyses. The course concludes with a look at the laws of mechanics as applied to gain a greater understanding of effective athletic performance and prevention of sport injuries. Prerequisite: SSD 330 and PHY 101.

SSD 454: Sport Law and Ethics

Credits 3
This course examines the legal, financial, moral, and policy issues and disputes that arise in the world of amateur and professional sports. The casebook assignments cover some of the most current and comprehensive legal developments affecting high school, college, Olympic, and professional sports. We will discuss new landmark judicial decisions, as well as significant NCAA infractions cases and Olympic sports arbitration awards. Students are also provided an opportunity to debate complex issues related to the application of antitrust, labor, and intellectual property law to sports. We will approach the issues from the perspective of various players in the sports industry, such as the sports lawyer, corporate counselor, university administrator, team manager, various sports regulatory bodies, and, of course, the athletes and fans.

SSD 470: Advanced Sport Psychology

Credits 3
This course looks into contemporary research topics in the field of psychology in sport and exercise settings. Students will study advanced team-building, leadership literature, and specialized topics of dysfunction, such as injury coping, burn-out, slump busting, drug abuse and addiction, aggression in sports, and eating disorders. Other more practical topics such as emotional/social intelligence, character development, assertiveness and empathy, trust and respect, and behavior modification will be examined and discussed. Prerequisite: SSD 370.

SSD 482: Therapeutic Modalities

Credits 3
This course focuses on the study of current theories and applications in the use of therapeutic modalities in the athletic training and/or clinical setting. The student will gain an understanding of the underlying physics, physiological effects, indications, and contraindications of the use of physical agents. Emphasis will be placed on the proper procedures for application of thermal, electrotherapeutic and hydrotherapeutic modalities.

SSD 490: Exercise Physiology

Credits 4
This course provides a broad survey of the physiological mechanisms involved in the human response to exercise. Nutrition and its role in athletic performance will also be considered. The student is to develop his/her knowledge of cardiovascular and respiratory physiology as well as strength training and anaerobic exercise. A laboratory component is included in the course. Prerequisite: BIO 308.

SSD 492: Functional Anatomy

Credits 3

The intent of Functional Anatomy is to develop the student's ability to identify and describe human motion. This course will provide an opportunity for students to apply knowledge from anatomy and pshysiology courses to human movement models. Prerequisites: BIO 308 and SSD 330.

SSD 494: Internship

Credits 3 Max Credits 6
This course provides extended experience in a sport-related business or activity. The student may work with his/her advisor to identify the opportunity that will best accomplish the student's goals. Prerequisite: junior standing.

WHP 385: Washington-Hillsdale Internship Program

Credits 6
The Washington-Hillsdale Internship Program (WHIP) provides an opportunity for Hillsdale College undergraduates to participate in academically intensive, semester-long internships or teaching apprenticeships in Washington, DC, while continuing their Hillsdale education at Hillsdaleís DC campus. Students earn six academic credits for their internship or apprenticeship through WHIP. During the semester, WHIP students will meet with the professor of record on five occasions and participate in several extra-curricular activities sponsored by Hillsdale in DC.